Facial trauma- Trauma to the face may result in fracture of the teeth and jaw bones. These may result from major events like automobile accidents and sports. If the fractured jaw bones are not repaired, it will result in significant cosmetic and functional problems. The fractures may be treated in the operating theatre or in office depending on severity.

Orofacial pathology- Many types of soft or hard tissue abnormalities may present in the oro-facial region. Soft tissue lesions generally involve ulcers, patches, bumps, and discoloration on the gums, lips, cheek, tongue or salivary glands. Hard tissue pathology encompasses alterations in jaw bone, e.g. cyst formation. Tissue changes do not always mean cancer, but certainly need to be evaluated promptly to determine the cause.